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Crane Clean Energy Center (Three Mile Island Unit 1 Restart)

Londonderry Township, Dauphin County

Constellation's restart of the 835 megawatt Three Mile Island Unit 1 reactor in Londonderry Township, Dauphin County, renamed the Crane Clean Energy Center, whose output Microsoft has agreed to buy for 20 years.

Active / ApprovedNuclear PPABrownfieldS Central
At a glance

The project by the numbers

StatusUnder Construction
Capacity835 MW
Water (max)73.2 MGD
Capex$ 1.6 B
Permanent jobs, as claimed600
First announced2024-09-20
Target online2027

Three Mile Island Unit 1 is being restarted to supply Microsoft, with federal approval expected in 2027

The number that mattersConstellation's application to the Susquehanna River Basin Commission seeks up to 73.2 million gallons a day from the Susquehanna River on a peak day, with up to 21 million gallons a day consumed, according to Three Mile Island Alert's testimony quoting the application.
Developer
Constellation Energy Generation, LLC, the plant's owner and license holder, which shut the reactor down for economic reasons in September 2019. The U.S. Department of Energy closed a $1 billion loan for the restart in November 2025.
Tenant
Microsoft signed a 20-year power purchase agreement on September 20, 2024 for the plant's output. The power goes onto the PJM grid, and Microsoft uses it to match the electricity its data centers in PJM consume; there's no data center on the island.
Current stage
Restoration work and NRC review are underway. The NRC issued its final environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact on September 18, 2026, approved the receipt of new fuel on July 1, 2026, and is still reviewing the requests to restore the operating license, security plan and emergency plan. Constellation is aiming for mid-2027, and the NRC expects to decide in 2027.
Decision body
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (license amendments and restart), with the Susquehanna River Basin Commission (water withdrawal), the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (Clean Water Act and discharge permits) and FEMA (offsite emergency plans). The plant sits in Londonderry Township.
Top issues
River water use, emergency evacuation planning across five counties, long-term storage of spent fuel on the island, NRC and FEMA staffing cuts, and whether grid upgrades will be ready in time.
Key opponents
Three Mile Island Alert, a nuclear watchdog group, which has filed comments against the restart, testified to the Susquehanna River Basin Commission against the water withdrawal, and posted Eric Epstein's April 2026 petition to intervene at the NRC. Residents at NRC meetings have questioned evacuation plans and spent fuel storage on a flood-prone island.
Key supporters
Gov. Josh Shapiro, the Pennsylvania State Building and Construction Trades Council, U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright, and Dauphin County Commissioner Mike Pries, who spoke in favor at the July 2026 NRC meeting along with a representative of the York County commissioners.

How we got here

Constellation and Microsoft announced the 20-year power deal and the Crane Clean Energy Center name on September 20, 2024, with a 2028 target that Constellation later moved up to 2027. The NRC approved the name change on May 13, 2025 and Constellation filed its main license amendment requests between July and October 2025. DOE closed a $1 billion loan in November 2025. The NRC held public meetings on February 19 and July 28, 2026, offered a chance to request a hearing through April 27, 2026, published a draft environmental assessment on June 9, 2026, approved the receipt of new fuel on July 1, and issued its final environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact on September 18, 2026. Constellation asked FERC to transfer capacity interconnection rights from the retired Eddystone plant because PJM transmission upgrades could run to 2030 or 2031. The current license expires April 19, 2034.

Update, October 26, 2026. On October 2, 2026 Constellation answered the NRC's September 18 request for more information on reinstating the plant's emergency plan, according to the NRC's project page.

What is at stake

Impacts raised and open questions

Water

High

Constellation's Susquehanna River Basin Commission application seeks up to 73.2 million gallons a day from the river on a peak day, with up to 21 million gallons a day consumed, plus groundwater from three wells. Three Mile Island Alert argues the request is premature and ignores flooding and future uprates.

Three Mile Island Alert

Public safety

Medium

FEMA is reviewing offsite emergency plans for the 10-mile zone covering parts of Cumberland, Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon and York counties, and residents questioned evacuation of schools and nursing homes. The island already holds 46 spent fuel canisters from Unit 1, and speakers worried about storing waste on a flood-prone island.

Pennsylvania Capital-Star

Jobs and tax claims

Medium

Constellation plans 600 permanent employees, 150 returning workers and 450 new hires, and refueling every two years will bring 1,500 to 2,000 temporary workers for several weeks.

Pennsylvania Capital-Star
Community response

Who is organizing against it

Three Mile Island Alert

Regional nuclear watchdog group focused on Three Mile Island and other Susquehanna River plants

Tactics: Formal comments to the NRC and DEP, testimony to the Susquehanna River Basin Commission, and a petition to intervene in the NRC licensing case.

Opposes the restart; its 2024 post is titled 'The case against restarting Three Mile Island's Unit-1.' Membership forms are on its site.

Website

Timeline

How it has unfolded

Legal record

Filings and legal actions

  • 2025-05-13
    NRC license amendment U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission · Amendment No. 306, Renewed Facility License DPR-50

    Amendment approving the rename of Three Mile Island Unit 1 to the Crane Clean Energy Center.

    Constellation · Issued
  • 2026-03-31
    FERC waiver FERC · (2026 filing)

    Capacity Interconnection Rights transfer waiver request.

    Constellation · Pending
  • 2026-04-27
    Petition to intervene and hearing request NRC Atomic Safety and Licensing Board · Docket No. 50-289; NRC-2026-0397

    Seeks a hearing and the rejection or conditional approval of the license amendments Constellation requested to restore power operations.

    Eric Joseph Epstein (petitioner); Constellation Energy Generation, LLC (licensee) · Filed; a ruling was not found as of October 22, 2026
  • Water withdrawal renewal with modification Susquehanna River Basin Commission · SRBC Docket No. 20221203

    Surface water withdrawal of up to 73.2 million gallons a day (peak day) from the Susquehanna River, consumptive use of up to 21 million gallons a day, and small groundwater withdrawals from three wells.

    Constellation Energy Generation, LLC (applicant); Three Mile Island Alert (opposed) · Public hearing held April 23, 2026; final action not confirmed
  • 2026-09-18
    Environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission · ML26231A018

    Final NEPA review for the restart licensing actions; the NRC found no significant environmental impact and did not require a full environmental impact statement.

    NRC staff; Constellation Energy Generation, LLC · Issued
  • 2025-06-27
    NRC license amendment U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission · Amendment No. 307, Renewed Facility License DPR-50

    Allows receipt and possession of new nuclear fuel and new sealed neutron sources at the plant.

    Constellation Energy Generation, LLC · Issued July 1, 2026
News

Coverage of this project

Sources

Know your rights

In Pennsylvania, the local zoning ordinance sets the route. A conditional use is decided by the elected governing body (supervisors, commissioners or council). A special exception or variance, and an appeal of a zoning officer’s decision, go to the Zoning Hearing Board. Each is a public hearing on a record: affected neighbors can ask for party status, cross-examine witnesses, and appeal. Municipalities can also adopt data center ordinances with enforceable standards.

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Take action

Organized community opposition is the single most effective check on these projects in Pennsylvania. Show up to hearings, submit comment when it is taken, support legal and expert-witness costs, and press your municipality for a real ordinance. Pennsylvania municipalities cannot simply freeze applications, but a curative amendment under the Planning Code gives them a defined window to fix a defective ordinance.

How communities push back →